Posted by Complex Sentence = ১টি Principal Clause + ১ বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause।
Compound Sentence = ২ বা ততোধিক Independent/Main Clause, যেগুলো and, but, or, so, therefore, otherwise, yet, for ইত্যাদি conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে।
Complex → Compound করার সময় মূল অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রাখতে হবে।
১. কারণ বোঝালে — Because/As/Since → So/Therefore
Complex sentence-এ because, as, since কারণ বোঝালে Compound-এ সাধারণত so, therefore, and so ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example 1
Complex: Because he was ill, he could not attend the class.
Compound: He was ill, so he could not attend the class.
Example 2
Complex: As he worked hard, he succeeded.
Compound: He worked hard, so he succeeded.
Example 3
Complex: Since he was poor, he could not buy the car.
Compound: He was poor, so he could not buy the car.
Formula:
Because/As/Since + Cause + Result
→ Cause + so + Result
২. বৈপরীত্য বোঝালে — Though/Although → But
Complex sentence-এ though/although থাকলে Compound-এ সাধারণত but/yet ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example 1
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He is poor, but he is honest.
Example 2
Complex: Although he was ill, he attended the class.
Compound: He was ill, but he attended the class.
Example 3
Complex: Though he worked hard, he failed.
Compound: He worked hard, yet he failed.
Formula:
Though/Although + Clause + Clause
→ Clause + but/yet + Clause
৩. শর্ত বোঝালে — If → And / Or
Complex sentence-এ if থাকলে অর্থ অনুযায়ী and/or ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Positive condition
Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.
Compound: Work hard and you will succeed.
আরও একটি:
Complex: If you follow the rules, you will succeed.
Compound: Follow the rules and you will succeed.
Negative condition
Complex: If you do not work hard, you will fail.
Compound: Work hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not hurry, you will miss the train.
Compound: Hurry up, or you will miss the train.
Formula:
If + positive condition → Imperative + and + result
If + negative condition → Imperative + or + result
৪. Unless → Or / Otherwise
Complex sentence-এ unless থাকলে Compound-এ সাধারণত or / otherwise ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example 1
Complex: Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
Compound: Work hard, otherwise you cannot succeed.
Example 2
Complex: Unless you study, you will fail.
Compound: Study, or you will fail.
Example 3
Complex: Unless you obey the rules, you cannot enter.
Compound: Obey the rules, otherwise you cannot enter.
Formula:
Unless + positive clause → Imperative + otherwise/or + result
৫. When → And
When যদি একই ব্যক্তির পরপর দুটি কাজ বোঝায়, তাহলে Compound-এ and ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Example 1
Complex: When he saw the police, he ran away.
Compound: He saw the police and ran away.
Example 2
Complex: When he reached home, he called me.
Compound: He reached home and called me.
Example 3
Complex: When the teacher entered the room, the students became silent.
Compound: The teacher entered the room and the students became silent.
⚠️ এখানে অবশ্যই অর্থ ও কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখতে হবে।
৬. As soon as → And
As soon as দিয়ে খুব দ্রুত পরপর সংঘটিত দুটি কাজ বোঝালে and ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Example 1
Complex: As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
Compound: He saw me and ran away.
Example 2
Complex: As soon as the bell rang, the students left the classroom.
Compound: The bell rang and the students left the classroom.
৭. While → And / But
While যদি একই সময়ে দুটি কাজ বোঝায়, and ব্যবহার করা যায়।
আর বৈপরীত্য বোঝালে but ব্যবহার করা যায়।
একই সময়:
Complex: While I was reading, my brother was watching TV.
Compound: I was reading and my brother was watching TV.
বৈপরীত্য:
Complex: While Rahim is poor, Karim is rich.
Compound: Rahim is poor, but Karim is rich.
৮. Before → And
Complex: Before he went to school, he took breakfast.
Compound: He took breakfast and went to school.
আরও:
Complex: Before the police arrived, the thief escaped.
Compound: The thief escaped before the police arrived.
তবে এখানে before থাকলে বাক্যটি সবসময় Compound হবে না। Compound করতে হলে দুইটি independent clause এবং coordinating conjunction ব্যবহার করতে হবে:
The police arrived, but the thief had escaped.
অর্থের সূক্ষ্মতা বজায় রাখতে হবে।
৯. After → And
Complex: After he finished the work, he went home.
Compound: He finished the work and went home.
Complex: After he had taken his meal, he went to bed.
Compound: He took his meal and went to bed.
Formula:
After + earlier action + later action
→ Earlier action + and + later action
১০. Till/Until → And
Example:
Complex: Wait until he comes.
Compound: Wait and he will come.
তবে এই রূপান্তরটি context-dependent। পরীক্ষায় অর্থের পরিবর্তন না হওয়া সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১১. So that → And
So that সাধারণত উদ্দেশ্য বোঝায়। Compound-এ অনেক সময় and ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Example:
Complex: He went to the market so that he could buy fish.
Compound: He went to the market and bought fish.
Complex: He went to Dhaka so that he could get a job.
Compound: He went to Dhaka and tried to get a job.
⚠️ So that-এর উদ্দেশ্যগত অর্থ সব বাক্যে সরাসরি and দিয়ে সম্পূর্ণভাবে প্রকাশ করা যায় না। অর্থ ঠিক রেখে clause তৈরি করতে হবে।
১২. Relative Clause → And
Complex sentence-এ who, which, that দিয়ে relative clause থাকলে অনেক ক্ষেত্রে মূল বক্তব্যকে দুটি independent clause-এ ভাগ করে and ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Example 1
Complex: The man who came here is my brother.
Compound: The man came here and he is my brother.
Example 2
Complex: The boy who won the prize is my friend.
Compound: The boy won the prize and he is my friend.
Example 3
Complex: I saw a bird which was sitting on a tree.
Compound: I saw a bird and it was sitting on a tree.
⚠️ সব relative clause এভাবে পরিবর্তন করলে বাক্যটি অস্বাভাবিক হতে পারে; পরীক্ষায় অর্থ ও স্বাভাবিকতা দুটোই দেখতে হবে।
১৩. Whoever → Anyone…and
Complex: Whoever works hard will succeed.
Compound: Anyone can succeed if he works hard.
এখানে if ব্যবহার করলে আবার Complex হতে পারে। তাই Compound করতে:
Anyone can work hard, and he can succeed.
তবে এই ধরনের বাক্যে সরাসরি transformation-এর চেয়ে অর্থের সমতুল্য দুটি independent clause তৈরি করা বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১৪. Relative Pronoun বাদ দিয়ে দুইটি Clause
Complex: The book that you gave me is interesting.
Compound: You gave me the book and it is interesting.
Complex: The man whom I met was a doctor.
Compound: I met the man and he was a doctor.
১৫. কারণ + ফলাফল — যে কোনো কারণসূচক Subordinate Clause
Complex: As he was honest, everybody trusted him.
Compound: He was honest, so everybody trusted him.
Complex: Since he was late, he missed the train.
Compound: He was late, so he missed the train.
১৬. Result বোঝালে — So/Therefore
Complex: He was so weak that he could not walk.
Compound: He was very weak, so he could not walk.
Complex: He was so tired that he could not work.
Compound: He was very tired, so he could not work.
Formula:
so…that → very…so
১৭. Though…yet → But
Complex:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound:
He is poor, but he is honest.
আর:
Although he is rich, he is unhappy.
→ He is rich, but he is unhappy.
১৮. If…not → Or/Otherwise
Complex: If you do not obey me, I will punish you.
Compound: Obey me, otherwise I will punish you.
Complex: If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus.
Compound: Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
১৯. Although + negative → But
Complex: Although he is not rich, he is happy.
Compound: He is not rich, but he is happy.
২০. As soon as → And
Complex: As soon as the teacher entered, the students stood up.
Compound: The teacher entered and the students stood up.
Complex: As soon as I reached home, it started raining.
Compound: I reached home and it started raining.
চাকরির পরীক্ষার জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Rules
| Complex-এর conjunction | Compound-এর conjunction |
| because | so |
| as | so |
| since | so |
| though | but/yet |
| although | but/yet |
| if | and/or |
| unless | or/otherwise |
| when | and |
| as soon as | and |
| while | and/but |
| so…that | so |
| relative clause | and |
| so that | and |
| after | and |
| before | and |
বিশেষ Shortcut
1. কারণ
Because/As/Since → SO
Because he was ill, he was absent.
→ He was ill, so he was absent.
2. বৈপরীত্য
Though/Although → BUT
Though he is poor, he is honest.
→ He is poor, but he is honest.
3. শর্ত
If → AND/OR
If you work hard, you will succeed.
→ Work hard and you will succeed.
If you do not work hard, you will fail.
→ Work hard, or you will fail.
4. Unless
Unless → Otherwise/Or
Unless you study, you will fail.
→ Study, otherwise you will fail.
5. সময়
When/As soon as → AND
When he saw me, he ran away.
→ He saw me and ran away.
6. উদ্দেশ্য
So that → AND
He went to the market so that he could buy fish.
→ He went to the market and bought fish.
⭐ মূল কথা
Complex → Compound করতে হলে Subordinate Clause-কে Independent/Main Clause-এ পরিণত করতে হবে।
তারপর অর্থ অনুযায়ী—
Cause → SO
Contrast → BUT/YET
Condition → AND/OR/OTHERWISE
Time → AND
Result → SO
Sequence → AND
এই ছয়টি pattern ভালোভাবে আয়ত্ত করলে Complex → Compound Transformation-এর অধিকাংশ পরীক্ষার প্রশ্ন সমাধান করা যায়।