Posted by Simple → Complex Sentence Transformation
Simple sentence-এ সাধারণত একটি finite verb থাকে এবং একটি principal clause থাকে।
Complex sentence-এ থাকে একটি Principal Clause + একটি বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause।
Simple → Complex করার সময় মূল অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রাখতে হবে।
১. Participle → Adverbial Clause
Simple sentence-এ Present Participle (V+ing) থাকলে Complex করার সময় সাধারণত when, while, as, since, because ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example:
Simple: Seeing the police, the thief ran away.
Complex: When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: Being ill, he could not attend the class.
Complex: As he was ill, he could not attend the class.
Simple: Walking along the road, I saw a bird.
Complex: While I was walking along the road, I saw a bird.
২. Perfect Participle → After + Clause
Having + V³ থাকলে Complex করার সময় সাধারণত after + subject + had + V³ হয়।
Simple: Having finished the work, he went home.
Complex: After he had finished the work, he went home.
Simple: Having taken his meal, he went to bed.
Complex: After he had taken his meal, he went to bed.
Formula:
Having + V³ → After + subject + had + V³
৩. Being + Adjective/Noun → As/Because/Since
Simple: Being tired, he went to bed.
Complex: As he was tired, he went to bed.
Simple: Being a poor man, he could not buy the car.
Complex: As he was a poor man, he could not buy the car.
Simple: Being honest, he is respected by all.
Complex: Because he is honest, he is respected by all.
৪. In spite of / Despite → Though/Although
Simple sentence-এ in spite of / despite থাকলে Complex sentence-এ though/although ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Example:
Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Simple: Despite being ill, he attended the class.
Complex: Though he was ill, he attended the class.
Formula:
In spite of/Despite + noun/gerund → Though/Although + subject + verb
৫. Because of → Because/As/Since
Simple: Because of his illness, he could not attend the class.
Complex: Because he was ill, he could not attend the class.
Simple: Because of heavy rain, the match was stopped.
Complex: As it rained heavily, the match was stopped.
Formula:
Because of + noun → Because/As/Since + clause
৬. Due to → Because/As/Since
Simple: Due to heavy rain, we could not go outside.
Complex: Because it rained heavily, we could not go outside.
Simple: Due to his negligence, he failed.
Complex: Since he was negligent, he failed.
৭. On/upon + Gerund → When/As soon as
Simple: On seeing the police, the thief ran away.
Complex: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: On reaching home, he called me.
Complex: When he reached home, he called me.
Formula:
On/Upon + V-ing → When/As soon as + subject + verb
৮. Without + Gerund → If…not / Unless
Simple: Without working hard, you cannot succeed.
Complex: If you do not work hard, you cannot succeed.
আরও সুন্দরভাবে:
Simple: Without studying, you cannot pass.
Complex: Unless you study, you cannot pass.
Formula:
Without + V-ing → If + subject + do/does/did + not…
অথবা
Without + V-ing → Unless + affirmative clause
৯. By + Gerund → If/When + Clause
Simple: By working hard, you can succeed.
Complex: If you work hard, you can succeed.
Simple: By following the rules, you can avoid the problem.
Complex: If you follow the rules, you can avoid the problem.
Formula:
By + V-ing → If/When + subject + verb
১০. Too…to → So…that
Simple sentence-এ too…to থাকলে Complex করার সময়:
too + adjective + to + verb
→ so + adjective + that + subject + cannot/could not + verb
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: The box is too heavy for me to carry.
Complex: The box is so heavy that I cannot carry the box.
Simple: He was too tired to work.
Complex: He was so tired that he could not work.
১১. Enough to → So…that
Simple: He is strong enough to carry the box.
Complex: He is so strong that he can carry the box.
Simple: He was wise enough to understand the matter.
Complex: He was so wise that he could understand the matter.
Formula:
Adjective + enough to → so + adjective + that + subject + can/could
১২. Without + noun → Though/Although? — সতর্কতা
প্রতিটি without-কে একই নিয়মে রূপান্তর করা যাবে না। অর্থ বুঝে clause তৈরি করতে হবে।
Simple: He left without permission.
Complex: He left although he had no permission.
তবে পরীক্ষায় মূল অর্থ ঠিক রাখতে clause নির্বাচন করতে হবে।
১৩. Noun phrase → Relative Clause
Simple sentence-এর কোনো noun-এর পরিবর্তে adjective phrase থাকলে Complex sentence-এ who, which, that, whose, whom ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Example:
Simple: I know the man standing at the door.
Complex: I know the man who is standing at the door.
Simple: The boy wearing a blue shirt is my brother.
Complex: The boy who is wearing a blue shirt is my brother.
Simple: I saw a beautiful bird sitting on the tree.
Complex: I saw a beautiful bird which was sitting on the tree.
১৪. Adjective Phrase → Relative Clause
Simple: He is a man of great wisdom.
Complex: He is a man who has great wisdom.
Simple: I saw a man of honesty.
Complex: I saw a man who was honest.
১৫. Infinitive → So that / In order that
Simple sentence-এ উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে to + verb থাকলে Complex sentence-এ so that / in order that ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Simple: He went to Dhaka to get a job.
Complex: He went to Dhaka so that he could get a job.
Simple: He works hard to succeed.
Complex: He works hard so that he may succeed.
Simple: He studies hard to pass the examination.
Complex: He studies hard so that he may pass the examination.
Formula:
to + V¹ → so that/in order that + subject + may/might/can/could + V¹
১৬. Too…for → So…that
Simple: The question is too difficult for me to answer.
Complex: The question is so difficult that I cannot answer it.
Simple: The water is too hot for the child to drink.
Complex: The water is so hot that the child cannot drink it.
১৭. In order to → So that
Simple: He went to the library in order to read books.
Complex: He went to the library so that he could read books.
১৮. Noun + to-infinitive → Relative Clause
Simple: I have a book to read.
Complex: I have a book which I can read.
Simple: He has no money to buy food.
Complex: He has no money with which he can buy food.
১৯. Absolute Phrase → Clause
Simple: The sun having set, we returned home.
Complex: When the sun had set, we returned home.
Simple: The weather being fine, we went out.
Complex: As the weather was fine, we went out.
২০. At the time of → When/While
Simple: At the time of his arrival, I was sleeping.
Complex: When he arrived, I was sleeping.
Simple: At the time of my entering the room, they were talking.
Complex: When I entered the room, they were talking.
২১. Because of his being → Because he was
Simple: Because of his being ill, he could not attend the meeting.
Complex: Because he was ill, he could not attend the meeting.
২২. In spite of his being → Though he was
Simple: In spite of his being poor, he is honest.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
২৩. Comparative Degree → Relative Clause
Simple: He is the tallest boy in the class.
Complex: He is the boy who is the tallest in the class.
আরও স্বাভাবিকভাবে:
Simple: He is taller than any other boy in the class.
Complex: There is no other boy in the class who is as tall as he is.
২৪. Superlative → Who/That Clause
Simple: Dhaka is one of the largest cities in Bangladesh.
Complex: Dhaka is one of the cities which are the largest in Bangladesh.
২৫. বিশেষ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরীক্ষার নিয়ম
Rule 1
V-ing → when/while/as/because
Seeing the police, the thief ran away.
→ When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Rule 2
Having + V³ → after + had + V³
Having finished the work, he went home.
→ After he had finished the work, he went home.
Rule 3
Being → as/because/since
Being ill, he stayed at home.
→ Because he was ill, he stayed at home.
Rule 4
In spite of/Despite → though/although
In spite of his poverty, he is happy.
→ Though he is poor, he is happy.
Rule 5
Because of/Due to → because/as/since
Because of his illness, he was absent.
→ Because he was ill, he was absent.
Rule 6
On/Upon + V-ing → when/as soon as
On seeing me, he ran away.
→ As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
Rule 7
Without + V-ing → if…not/unless
Without working hard, you cannot succeed.
→ Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
Rule 8
Too…to → so…that…cannot/could not
He is too weak to walk.
→ He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Rule 9
To + V¹ → so that + may/might/can/could
He studies hard to pass.
→ He studies hard so that he may pass.
Rule 10
Participle phrase → Relative/Adverbial clause
The boy standing there is my brother.
→ The boy who is standing there is my brother.
পরীক্ষার জন্য এক নজরে
| Simple-এর গঠন | Complex-এর গঠন |
| V-ing | when/while/as/because + clause |
| Having + V³ | after + clause |
| Being + adjective | as/because + clause |
| In spite of | though/although |
| Despite | though/although |
| Because of | because/as/since |
| Due to | because/as/since |
| On/Upon + V-ing | when/as soon as |
| Without + V-ing | if…not/unless |
| By + V-ing | if/when + clause |
| Too…to | so…that |
| Enough to | so…that |
| To + V¹ | so that/in order that |
| Participle phrase | who/which/that |
| Adjective phrase | relative clause |
| Absolute phrase | when/as/since + clause |
মূল কৌশল: Simple → Complex করার আগে বাক্যে কারণ, সময়, শর্ত, উদ্দেশ্য, ফলাফল, বৈপরীত্য বা বর্ণনা—কোন সম্পর্কটি আছে তা চিহ্নিত করুন। তারপর সেই সম্পর্ক অনুযায়ী because, when, if, though, so that, who, which, that ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করুন।