Posted by Completing Sentence — পূর্ণাঙ্গ আলোচনা
১. Completing Sentence কী?
একটি অসম্পূর্ণ sentence-এর শেষ অংশ এমনভাবে পূরণ করতে হয় যাতে—
- বাক্যটি grammatically correct হয়
- অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ ও যৌক্তিক হয়
- tense ঠিক থাকে
- subject–verb agreement ঠিক থাকে
- connector অনুযায়ী সঠিক structure ব্যবহৃত হয়
Example
If you work hard, ________.
এখানে শুধু যেকোনো কথা বসালেই হবে না।
✅ you will succeed.
❌ you would succeeded.
কারণ If + Present Simple হলে সাধারণত main clause-এ will/can/may + V1 আসে। (Babar English)
২. Completing Sentence-এ কী কী বসতে পারে?
একটি incomplete sentence মূলত তিনভাবে complete হতে পারে:
ক. Word
He is a man of ______.
honour
খ. Phrase
He went to Dhaka ______.
to meet his friend
গ. Clause
He works hard so that ______.
he can succeed.
অর্থাৎ blank পূরণের সময় শুধু একটি word নয়, প্রয়োজনে phrase বা clause-ও বসতে পারে। (Studocu)
৩. প্রথমে কীভাবে প্রশ্ন বিশ্লেষণ করবেন?
Completing Sentence দেখেই blank পূরণ করবেন না।
Step–1: Connector চিহ্নিত করুন
যেমন:
- If
- Unless
- Lest
- Since
- Until
- As soon as
- No sooner
- Hardly
- Though
- Although
- As if
- Would rather
- It is high time
- So that
- In order that
- Provided that
Step–2: Connector-এর rule মনে করুন
Step–3: আগের clause-এর tense দেখুন
Step–4: অর্থ মিলিয়ে sentence complete করুন
৪. IF — Conditional Sentence
Completing Sentence-এর সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ।
Conditional sentence-এ একটি condition এবং একটি result থাকে। (Wikipedia)
Type–0: Universal Truth
Structure:
If + Present Simple → Present Simple
ব্যবহার
- চিরন্তন সত্য
- বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য
- সাধারণ সত্য
Examples
If you heat ice, ________.
it melts.
If water reaches 100°C, ________.
it boils.
If the sun sets, ________.
darkness falls.
Formula:
Present → Present
৫. First Conditional
বাস্তবে ঘটতে পারে—এমন future possibility বোঝায়।
Structure:
If + Present Simple → will/can/may + V1
Example
If you work hard, ________.
you will succeed.
If he comes here, ________.
I will meet him.
If you study carefully, ________.
you can pass the examination.
মনে রাখুন
❌ If you will work hard, you will succeed.
✅ If you work hard, you will succeed.
সাধারণ first conditional-এ if-clause-এ will না বসিয়ে Present Simple ব্যবহার করা হয়। (Wikipedia)
৬. Second Conditional
বর্তমান বা ভবিষ্যতের কাল্পনিক/অসম্ভাব্য পরিস্থিতি বোঝায়।
Structure:
If + Past Simple → would/could/might + V1
Example
If I were rich, ________.
I would help the poor.
If I had a car, ________.
I would travel around the country.
If I were a bird, ________.
I could fly in the sky.
বিশেষ নিয়ম
Formal/unreal conditional-এ I/he/she/it + were ব্যবহার করা যায়:
If I were you, I would accept the offer.
If he were here, he would help us.
৭. Third Conditional
অতীতে যা ঘটেনি, তার কল্পিত ফলাফল বোঝায়।
Structure:
If + had + V3 → would/could/might + have + V3
Example
If I had studied hard, ________.
I would have passed the examination.
If he had come earlier, ________.
he could have met the teacher.
Shortcut:
had + V3 → would have + V3
৮. Mixed Conditional
আরও advanced Completing Sentence-এ এটি আসতে পারে।
অতীতের কোনো condition-এর বর্তমান ফল বোঝাতে:
If + had + V3 → would + V1
Example
If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
অর্থ: অতীতে আমি medicine পড়িনি, তাই এখন ডাক্তার নই।
৯. Unless
Unless = if…not
অর্থ: যদি না
Example
Unless you work hard, ________.
you will not succeed.
মূল sentence:
If you do not work hard, you will not succeed.
আরও:
Unless you hurry, ________.
you will miss the train.
ভুল
❌ Unless you do not work hard…
সঠিক
✅ Unless you work hard…
কারণ unless-এর মধ্যেই negative meaning রয়েছে।
১০. Provided / Provided that
অর্থ:
যদি / শর্তে যে
Structure:
Provided that + Subject + Verb
Example:
You will get the job provided that ________.
you work hard.
I will help you provided that ________.
you follow my advice.
এ ধরনের structure-এ provided/provided that শর্ত প্রকাশ করে। (English Grammar Power)
১১. As long as
অর্থ:
যতক্ষণ / যদি এই শর্তে যে
Example
You can stay here as long as ________.
you follow the rules.
আরও:
I will help you as long as you are honest.
১২. In case
অর্থ:
যদি এমন হয় / সাবধানতার জন্য
Example
Take an umbrella in case ________.
it rains.
Take some money in case ________.
you need it.
১৩. Lest
Lest = পাছে / যাতে না
এটি Completing Sentence-এর অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ pattern।
Structure:
Lest + Subject + should + V1
Example
Work hard lest you ________.
should fail.
Study carefully lest you ________.
should make mistakes.
Shortcut:
lest → should + V1
Common mistake
❌ lest you should failed
❌ lest you should failing
✅ lest you should fail
১৪. So that
অর্থ:
যাতে
Structure:
Main clause + so that + Subject + can/may/could/might + V1
Present হলে:
can / may
Past হলে:
could / might
Example
He works hard so that ________.
he can succeed.
He worked hard so that ________.
he could succeed.
এই present/past distinction-টি Completing Sentence-এ খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। (Babar English)
১৫. In order that
In order that = যাতে
Example
He studies hard in order that ________.
he may pass the examination.
He studied hard in order that ________.
he might pass the examination.
১৬. So…that
এখানে so-এর পরে adjective/adverb থাকে এবং that-এর পরে clause থাকে।
Structure:
so + adjective/adverb + that + Subject + can/cannot/could/could not + V1
Example:
He is so weak that ________.
he cannot walk.
The boy ran so fast that ________.
nobody could catch him.
পার্থক্য
so…that
He is so weak that he cannot walk.
too…to
He is too weak to walk.
১৭. Too…to
অর্থ:
এত বেশি যে করতে পারে না
Structure:
too + adjective + to + V1
Example:
He is too weak ________.
to walk.
The box is too heavy ________.
to carry.
The tea is too hot ________.
to drink.
Transformation
He is too weak to walk.
= He is so weak that he cannot walk.
১৮. Enough to
Structure:
adjective + enough + to + V1
Example:
He is strong enough ________.
to lift the box.
She is intelligent enough ________.
to understand the problem.
১৯. Such…that
Structure:
such + noun + that + clause
Example:
He is such an honest man that ________.
everybody respects him.
It was such a difficult problem that ________.
nobody could solve it.
২০. It is time
Structure:
It is time + Subject + Past Simple
Example:
It is time you ________.
went home.
কেন Past?
এখানে Past form হলেও অর্থ বর্তমানের।
It is time you went home.
অর্থ:
এখন তোমার বাড়ি যাওয়ার সময় হয়েছে।
২১. It is high time
একই নিয়ম।
Structure:
It is high time + Subject + V2
Example:
It is high time we ________.
took action.
It is high time you ________.
changed your habit.
মনে রাখুন:
It is high time + Subject + V2
২২. Would rather
Case–1: Subject একই
would rather + V1
I would rather stay home.
Case–2: Subject আলাদা
would rather + Subject + V2
Example:
I would rather you ________.
stayed here.
I would rather he ________.
went there.
২৩. Had better
Structure:
had better + V1
Example:
You had better ________.
study hard.
You had better ________.
consult a doctor.
Negative:
had better not + V1
You had better not go there.
ভুল:
❌ had better to go
❌ had better going
✅ had better go
২৪. As if / As though
অর্থ:
যেন
এখানে বাস্তবতা ও কল্পিত অবস্থার পার্থক্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
Present unreal
Present + as if/as though + Past
Example:
He talks as if he knew everything.
সে এমনভাবে কথা বলে যেন সে সব জানে।
কিন্তু বাস্তবে সে সব জানে না।
Past unreal
Past + as if/as though + Past Perfect
Example:
He spoke as if he had known everything.
Present-এর সঙ্গে unreal হলে সাধারণত past form এবং past event-এর unreal reference হলে past perfect ব্যবহৃত হয়। (EngExercise)
২৫. No sooner…than
অর্থ:
না করতেই / করতে না করতেই
Structure:
No sooner had + Subject + V3 + than + Subject + V2
Example:
No sooner had I reached the station than ________.
the train left.
Shortcut:
No sooner → had + V3 → than
২৬. Hardly…when
Structure:
Hardly had + Subject + V3 + when + Subject + V2
Example:
Hardly had I reached home when ________.
it started raining.
২৭. Scarcely…when
Structure:
Scarcely had + Subject + V3 + when + Subject + V2
Example:
Scarcely had the teacher entered the class when the students became silent.
তিনটি একসঙ্গে মনে রাখুন
| শুরু | পরের অংশ |
| No sooner | than |
| Hardly | when |
| Scarcely | when |
এই তিনটি immediate succession বা একটি কাজের পরপরই আরেকটি কাজ বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। (Studocu)
২৮. Since
Since-এর ক্ষেত্রে tense খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
Structure:
Since + Past Simple → Present Perfect
Example:
Since he came here, ________.
he has been working hard.
Since I met him, ________.
I have known him.
যদি main clause-এ continuous activity থাকে:
Since he came here, he has been working hard.
২৯. Until / Till
অর্থ:
যতক্ষণ না
Example:
Wait here until ________.
he comes.
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
Future meaning থাকলেও time clause-এ সাধারণত Present Simple ব্যবহৃত হয়।
❌ Wait until he will come.
✅ Wait until he comes.
৩০. As soon as
অর্থ:
যেই মাত্র / সঙ্গে সঙ্গে
Example:
As soon as he comes, ________.
I will inform you.
As soon as the teacher entered the room, ________.
the students stood up.
৩১. Before
Example:
Before you go there, ________.
inform me.
Before he came here, ________.
I had finished the work.
৩২. After
Example:
After he had finished the work, ________.
he went home.
ক্রম বুঝুন:
প্রথম কাজ → Past Perfect
দ্বিতীয় কাজ → Past Simple
He had finished the work before he went home.
৩৩. When
দুটি ঘটনা past-এ হলে কোন কাজ আগে হয়েছে তা দেখতে হবে।
Example:
When I reached the station, ________.
the train had left.
এখানে:
- Train left — আগে
- I reached — পরে
তাই আগে ঘটে যাওয়া কাজ:
had left
৩৪. While
একই সময়ে চলমান কাজ বোঝালে:
while + Past Continuous
Example:
While I was reading, ________.
my brother was watching television.
৩৫. By + V-ing
অর্থ:
কোনো কাজের মাধ্যমে
Example:
By working hard, ________.
you can succeed.
By practising regularly, ________.
you can improve your English.
৩৬. Without + V-ing
Example:
Without working hard, ________.
you cannot succeed.
He left without ________.
saying goodbye.
Formula:
without + V-ing
৩৭. On + V-ing
অর্থ:
কাজটি করার সঙ্গে সঙ্গে
Example:
On seeing the police, ________.
the thief ran away.
On hearing the news, ________.
she became happy.
৩৮. After + V-ing
Example:
After finishing the work, ________.
he went home.
৩৯. Before + V-ing
Example:
Before going to bed, ________.
I brush my teeth.
৪০. Relative Pronoun
Who
ব্যক্তি + subject
The man who came here is my uncle.
Whom
ব্যক্তি + object
The man whom I met was kind.
Which
বস্তু/প্রাণী
The book which I bought is expensive.
Whose
অধিকার
The boy whose father is a doctor is my friend.
That
Person বা thing উভয়ের ক্ষেত্রে অনেক ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
The man that I met was kind.
The book that I bought is interesting.
৪১. Relative Adverb — Where
স্থান বোঝাতে:
This is the place where I was born.
Completing:
This is the village where ________.
I was born.
৪২. Relative Adverb — When
সময় বোঝাতে:
I remember the day when we first met.
৪৩. Relative Adverb — Why
কারণ বোঝাতে:
I know the reason why he left the job.
৪৪. Wish
Completing Sentence-এ wish খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
Present unreal wish
Structure:
wish + Subject + Past Simple
Example:
I wish I ________.
were rich.
বাস্তবে আমি rich নই।
Past regret
Structure:
wish + Subject + had + V3
Example:
I wish I ________.
had studied hard.
অর্থ:
আমি দুঃখ করছি যে অতীতে ভালোভাবে পড়িনি।
৪৫. If only
If only = আহা, যদি…
Present unreal:
If only I were rich!
Past regret:
If only I had studied harder!
৪৬. Had I…
এটি inverted conditional।
Normal:
If I had known the truth, I would have helped him.
Inversion:
Had I known the truth, I would have helped him.
Formula:
Had + Subject + V3, Subject + would/could/might have + V3
৪৭. Were I…
এটিও inverted conditional।
Normal:
If I were rich, I would help the poor.
Inversion:
Were I rich, I would help the poor.
৪৮. Should you…
Formal conditional-এ:
If you need any help, contact me.
এর formal/inverted form:
Should you need any help, contact me.
Completing Sentence-এ advanced question হিসেবে আসতে পারে।
৪৯. Enough / Too — পার্থক্য
Enough
ক্ষমতা/যোগ্যতা বোঝায়।
He is strong enough to lift the box.
Too
অতিরিক্ত মাত্রা বোঝায়, ফলে কাজটি সম্ভব নয়।
He is too weak to lift the box.
৫০. So / Such — পার্থক্য
So + adjective/adverb
He is so intelligent that everyone likes him.
Such + noun
He is such an intelligent boy that everyone likes him.
৫১. Completing Sentence-এ Subject-Verb Agreement
Blank পূরণের সময় subject দেখে verb বসাতে হবে।
Example:
He who ________.
works hard succeeds.
এখানে who → he-কে নির্দেশ করছে।
তাই:
works
আর:
Those who ________.
work hard succeed.
এখানে those plural।
তাই:
work
৫২. খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরীক্ষার Shortcut Chart
| Clue | Rule |
| If + present | will/can/may + V1 |
| If + past | would/could/might + V1 |
| If + had + V3 | would/could/might have + V3 |
| Unless | if…not |
| Lest | should + V1 |
| It is time | Subject + V2 |
| It is high time | Subject + V2 |
| Would rather + subject | V2 |
| Had better | V1 |
| No sooner | had + V3 + than |
| Hardly | had + V3 + when |
| Scarcely | had + V3 + when |
| Since | Past + Present Perfect |
| As if + present | Past |
| As if + past | Past Perfect |
| Without | V-ing |
| By | V-ing |
| On | V-ing |
| Too | to + V1 |
| Enough | to + V1 |
| So that | can/may/could/might + V1 |
| In order that | can/may/could/might + V1 |
| Until | Present form |
| Wish + present | Past |
| Wish + past regret | had + V3 |
| Had I | would have + V3 |
| Were I | would + V1 |
৫৩. পরীক্ষায় Common Mistakes
Mistake–1
❌ If I will go there, I will meet him.
✅ If I go there, I will meet him.
Mistake–2
❌ Unless you do not work hard, you will fail.
✅ Unless you work hard, you will fail.
Mistake–3
❌ It is high time you go home.
✅ It is high time you went home.
Mistake–4
❌ I would rather you go there.
✅ I would rather you went there.
Mistake–5
❌ You had better to study.
✅ You had better study.
Mistake–6
❌ Lest he should failed.
✅ Lest he should fail.
Mistake–7
❌ No sooner I had reached than…
✅ No sooner had I reached than…
Mistake–8
❌ Hardly I had arrived when…
✅ Hardly had I arrived when…
Mistake–9
❌ Without work hard…
✅ Without working hard…
Mistake–10
❌ Wait until he will come.
✅ Wait until he comes.
৫৪. ৩০টি পরীক্ষাভিত্তিক Practice
নিচেরগুলো নিজে পূরণ করার চেষ্টা করুন।
- If you work hard, ________.
- If I were rich, ________.
- If he had studied hard, ________.
- Unless you obey your parents, ________.
- Work hard lest you ________.
- It is high time we ________.
- I would rather you ________.
- You had better ________.
- He talks as if he ________.
- She spoke as though she ________.
- No sooner had he arrived than ________.
- Hardly had I reached home when ________.
- Since he came here, ________.
- As soon as he comes, ________.
- Wait until he ________.
- He is too weak ________.
- He is strong enough ________.
- He works hard so that ________.
- He studied hard so that ________.
- Without working hard, ________.
- By practising regularly, ________.
- On seeing the police, ________.
- Though he is poor, ________.
- The man who ________.
- This is the place where ________.
- I wish I ________.
- I wish I had ________.
- Had I known the truth, ________.
- Were I a bird, ________.
- Provided that you work hard, ________.
৫৫. Practice-এর সম্ভাব্য উত্তর
- you will succeed.
- I would help the poor.
- he would have passed.
- you will suffer.
- should fail.
- took action.
- stayed here.
- study hard.
- knew everything.
- had known everything.
- the meeting began.
- it started raining.
- he has been working hard.
- I will inform you.
- comes.
- to walk.
- to lift the box.
- he can succeed.
- he could succeed.
- you cannot succeed.
- you can improve your English.
- the thief ran away.
- he is honest.
- works hard succeeds.
- I was born.
- were rich.
- studied hard.
- I would have helped him.
- I would fly in the sky.
- you will succeed.
⭐ Completing Sentence Master Formula
সবচেয়ে বেশি কাজে লাগবে এই sequence:
IF → Unless → Provided → Lest → So that → Too…to → Enough → It is time → Would rather → Had better → As if → Since → Until → As soon as → No sooner → Hardly → Scarcely → Without → By → On → Wish → Had I → Were I