Posted by Right Form of Verb বলতে বাক্যের Subject, Tense, Number, Voice, Modal, Conjunction, Preposition ইত্যাদি অনুযায়ী Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোকে বোঝায়।
চাকরির পরীক্ষা, BCS, ব্যাংক, NTRCA, প্রাথমিক শিক্ষক নিয়োগ ও HSC পরীক্ষায় এটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১. Subject অনুযায়ী Verb
Rule 1: Present Indefinite-এ Singular Subject হলে Verb-এ s/es হয়
He/She/It/একবচন Noun + V1+s/es
- He reads books.
- Rahim goes to school.
- The boy plays football.
কিন্তু—
I/We/You/They + V1
- They play football.
- We read books.
মনে রাখুন
Singular → V+s/es
Plural → V1
২. দুই বা ততোধিক Subject and দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে
সাধারণত Verb Plural হয়।
Rahim and Karim are friends.
Rina and Mina play together.
তবে ব্যতিক্রম
যদি দুটি Noun মিলে একটি ব্যক্তি/একটি ধারণা/একটি খাবার/একটি বিষয় বোঝায়, তাহলে Singular Verb হতে পারে।
Bread and butter is my breakfast.
৩. Each, Every–এর পরে Singular Verb
Each + singular noun + singular verb
Each boy has a book.
Every + singular noun + singular verb
Every student is present.
❌ Every students are present.
✅ Every student is present.
৪. Each of / Every one of
এর পরে noun plural হলেও Verb সাধারণত Singular হয়।
Each of the boys is present.
Every one of the students has a book.
৫. Either…or / Neither…nor
Verb সাধারণত নিকটবর্তী Subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Either…or
Either Rahim or his friends are coming.
এখানে নিকটবর্তী Subject = friends → plural → are
Either his friends or Rahim is coming.
নিকটবর্তী Subject = Rahim → singular → is
Neither…nor
Neither Rahim nor his friends are present.
Neither the students nor the teacher is ready.
Shortcut
Either/Neither + or/nor → কাছের Subject অনুযায়ী Verb
৬. As well as, Along with, Together with, With
এগুলো Subject-এর সংখ্যা পরিবর্তন করে না।
Rahim, as well as his friends, is present.
The teacher along with the students is going there.
মূল Subject:
Rahim → is
Teacher → is
৭. A number of এবং The number of
এটি পরীক্ষায় অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
A number of + plural noun → Plural Verb
A number of students are absent.
The number of + plural noun → Singular Verb
The number of students is increasing.
মনে রাখুন
A number of → are
The number of → is
৮. One of + plural noun
Verb হবে Singular।
One of my friends is a doctor.
❌ One of my friends are…
✅ One of my friends is…
৯. Many a
Many a + singular noun + singular verb
Many a man has tried.
Many a student has failed.
১০. More than one
More than one + singular noun + singular verb
More than one student has failed.
১১. Collective Noun
যেমন:
- team
- committee
- family
- class
- audience
- jury
- government
একটি Unit হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে Singular Verb হতে পারে।
The team is strong.
The committee has decided.
কিন্তু সদস্যদের আলাদাভাবে বোঝালে Plural Verb হতে পারে।
The committee are divided in their opinions.
১২. Uncountable Noun-এর পরে Singular Verb
যেমন:
- information
- advice
- furniture
- knowledge
- news
- luggage
- equipment
- scenery
The information is useful.
His advice was helpful.
The furniture is expensive.
বিশেষ
News → Singular
The news is true.
১৩. News, Politics, Mathematics, Physics
শব্দের শেষে s থাকলেও অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Singular হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Mathematics is difficult.
Physics is an interesting subject.
The news is true.
১৪. Scissors, Trousers, Spectacles, Shoes
এগুলো সাধারণত Plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
My trousers are new.
His spectacles are expensive.
কিন্তু—
A pair of trousers is new.
A pair of scissors is on the table.
Shortcut
A pair of + plural noun → Singular Verb
১৫. Modal Verb-এর পরে সবসময় V1
Modal:
- can
- could
- may
- might
- shall
- should
- will
- would
- must
- ought to
Structure
Modal + V1
Examples:
He can do it.
You should study.
He may come.
We must obey the rules.
❌ He can goes.
✅ He can go.
১৬. Do, Does, Did–এর পরে V1
Do/Does
Does he play football?
❌ Does he plays?
Did
Did you go there?
❌ Did you went there?
Negative
He did not come.
She does not like tea.
Golden Rule
Do/Does/Did + V1
১৭. To–এর পরে সাধারণত V1
I want to go.
He decided to study.
She came to see me.
We need to work.
কিন্তু to যদি Preposition হয়
তখন V-ing হবে।
I am accustomed to getting up early.
He is looking forward to meeting you.
I am used to working hard.
এটি পরীক্ষায় খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১৮. Preposition-এর পরে V-ing
Preposition-এর পরে Verb বসলে সাধারণত V-ing হয়।
Preposition:
- in
- on
- at
- of
- for
- by
- without
- after
- before
- about
- from
- instead of
Examples:
He left without saying anything.
She is fond of reading.
By working hard, you can succeed.
After finishing the work, he went home.
১৯. By + V-ing
By working hard, you can succeed.
He earned money by working hard.
২০. Without + V-ing
He left without telling me.
She went away without saying goodbye.
২১. Before/After + V-ing
Before going to school, I had breakfast.
After finishing the work, he went home.
২২. Instead of + V-ing
Instead of playing, he studied.
He went there instead of staying at home.
২৩. Look forward to + V-ing
I look forward to meeting you.
❌ I look forward to meet you.
২৪. Be used to / Get used to + V-ing
I am used to getting up early.
He is used to working hard.
She got used to living alone.
২৫. Used to + V1
অতীতের অভ্যাস বোঝালে:
Subject + used to + V1
I used to play football.
He used to smoke.
পার্থক্য
used to + V1
I used to play.
be used to + V-ing
I am used to playing.
২৬. Had better + V1
You had better go now.
He had better study hard.
❌ had better to go
২৭. Would rather + V1
একই Subject হলে:
I would rather stay home.
He would rather die than beg.
Different Subject হলে
I would rather you went there.
২৮. Would rather…than
I would rather read than watch TV.
দুটি Verb-এর form সাধারণত একই ধরনের হবে।
২৯. Let + Object + V1
Let me go.
Let him play.
Let us help him.
❌ Let him to go.
৩০. Make + Object + V1
Active Voice:
The teacher made me write.
He made me do the work.
কিন্তু Passive Voice:
I was made to write.
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
Active → make + object + V1
Passive → be made + to + V1
৩১. Help + Object + V1 / to + V1
দুটিই হতে পারে।
He helped me do the work.
He helped me to do the work.
৩২. See/Watch/Hear/Feel + Object + V1/V-ing
সম্পূর্ণ কাজ দেখলে:
I saw him cross the road.
কাজ চলতে দেখলে:
I saw him crossing the road.
৩৩. Gerund-এর ব্যবহার
Verb যখন Noun-এর কাজ করে তখন V-ing হয়।
Swimming is good exercise.
Reading is a good habit.
Walking is good for health.
এখানে Swimming/Reading/Walking = Subject.
তাই Verb হিসেবে নয়, Gerund হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
৩৪. কিছু Verb-এর পরে Gerund
নিচের Verb-এর পরে সাধারণত V-ing:
- enjoy
- avoid
- admit
- deny
- finish
- mind
- practice
- suggest
- consider
- keep
- risk
- miss
- postpone
- quit
Examples:
I enjoy reading.
He avoided meeting me.
She finished writing.
He suggested going there.
Do you mind opening the door?
৩৫. Enjoy + V-ing
I enjoy reading books.
❌ I enjoy to read books.
৩৬. Avoid + V-ing
He avoided meeting me.
৩৭. Finish + V-ing
She finished writing the letter.
৩৮. Mind + V-ing
Would you mind opening the door?
৩৯. Practice + V-ing
He practices speaking English.
৪০. Suggest + V-ing
He suggested going there.
অথবা
He suggested that I should go there.
❌ He suggested me to go there.
৪১. Infinitive নেওয়া Verb
কিছু Verb-এর পরে to + V1 হয়।
যেমন:
- want
- wish
- hope
- decide
- plan
- agree
- refuse
- promise
- expect
- learn
- try
- manage
- fail
- afford
Examples:
I want to go.
He decided to study.
She promised to help me.
He refused to come.
৪২. Want + Object + to + V1
I want him to go.
She wants me to help her.
৪৩. Allow/Permit + Object + to + V1
They allowed me to go.
The teacher permitted him to leave.
৪৪. Prevent/Stop/Keep + Object + from + V-ing
The police prevented him from going.
He stopped me from entering the room.
She kept me from sleeping.
Formula
prevent/stop/keep + object + from + V-ing
৪৫. Have causative
Have + Object + V3
I had my car repaired.
অর্থ: আমি আমার গাড়ি মেরামত করিয়েছি।
৪৬. Get + Object + V3
I got my hair cut.
He got his car repaired.
৪৭. Causative Have + Person + V1
I had him do the work.
৪৮. Get + Person + to + V1
I got him to do the work.
৪৯. There + be
এখানে Verb পরবর্তী Subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
There is a book on the table.
There are many books on the table.
There was a man there.
There were many people there.
৫০. It is time
It is time + Subject + Past
It is time we went home.
It is high time you studied seriously.
এখানে অর্থ বর্তমান হলেও Verb সাধারণত Past form হয়।
৫১. It is time to + V1
It is time to go home.
কিন্তু—
It is time we went home.
৫২. As if / As though
বাস্তবতার বিপরীত কল্পনা বোঝালে Past form ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
He talks as if he knew everything.
He behaves as though he were a king.
বিশেষ
Formal English-এ unreal condition-এ:
as if he were
৫৩. Conditional Sentence
Type 0
সাধারণ সত্য:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If + Present → Present
Type 1
বাস্তব/সম্ভাব্য ভবিষ্যৎ:
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Formula:
If + Present, Subject + will + V1
❌ If you will work hard, you will succeed.
✅ If you work hard, you will succeed.
Type 2
কল্পিত/অসম্ভাব্য বর্তমান:
If I were rich, I would help the poor.
Formula:
If + Past, would + V1
Type 3
অতীতে ঘটেনি এমন কল্পনা:
If I had worked hard, I would have succeeded.
Formula:
If + had + V3 → would have + V3
৫৪. Unless
Unless = if…not
Unless you work hard, you will fail.
❌ Unless you do not work hard…
সাধারণত unless-এর সঙ্গে আলাদা not ব্যবহার করা হয় না।
৫৫. Lest
Lest-এর পরে সাধারণত:
should + V1
Example:
Work hard lest you should fail.
৫৬. No sooner…than
Structure:
No sooner + had + Subject + V3 + than + Past
Example:
No sooner had he arrived than it started raining.
৫৭. Hardly/Scarcely…when
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.
Scarcely had he arrived when it began to rain.
Formula
Hardly/Scarcely + had + S + V3 + when
৫৮. As soon as
দুটি অতীত কাজ হলে:
As soon as he arrived, we started.
আরও একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ pattern:
No sooner had he arrived than…
৫৯. Until/Till
Future meaning হলেও until/till-এর subordinate clause-এ সাধারণত Present form হয়।
I will wait until he comes.
❌ until he will come
৬০. When/While/Before/After–এর পরে Tense
Future অর্থ থাকলেও subordinate clause-এ অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Present হয়।
When he comes, I will go.
After he finishes the work, he will go.
৬১. Since-এর বিশেষ নিয়ম
একটি কাজ অতীতে শুরু হয়ে এখনও চলছে:
It is five years since I met him.
আরেকভাবে:
Five years have passed since I met him.
Present Perfect + since + Past Indefinite
I have lived here since I came here.
৬২. Since–এর আগে Past এবং পরে Past হলে
অতীতে একটি ঘটনা থেকে আরেকটি ঘটনা পর্যন্ত বোঝালে:
It was five years since he had left the village.
৬৩. Ago থাকলে Past Indefinite
He came here two days ago.
I met him five years ago.
৬৪. Yesterday/Last/ago → Past Indefinite
He went there yesterday.
They came last week.
She left two hours ago.
৬৫. Now/At present/At this moment → Present Continuous
He is reading now.
They are playing at present.
৬৬. Just/Already/Yet → Present Perfect
He has just come.
She has already finished the work.
Have you finished yet?
৬৭. For/Since + কাজ এখনও চলছে
সাধারণত:
Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous
I have lived here for ten years.
I have been living here for ten years.
৬৮. Past time-এর নির্দিষ্ট সময় থাকলে Present Perfect নয়
❌ I have seen him yesterday.
✅ I saw him yesterday.
কারণ yesterday সম্পূর্ণ অতীত সময়।
৬৯. By + Future Time → Future Perfect
I will have finished the work by tomorrow.
He will have reached Dhaka by 8 pm.
৭০. By the time
Future context:
By the time you arrive, I will have finished the work.
Past context:
By the time he arrived, I had finished the work.
৭১. While
একটি কাজ চলমান থাকলে:
While I was reading, he came.
দুটি কাজ একই সময় চললে:
While I was reading, he was watching TV.
৭২. When
একটি চলমান কাজের মধ্যে অন্য কাজ ঘটলে:
When I was sleeping, he came.
৭৩. Passive Voice-এ Verb
Passive-এর সাধারণ কাঠামো:
be + V3
Examples:
- is written
- was written
- has been written
- will be written
- is being written
- had been written
উদাহরণ
Active:
He writes a letter.
Passive:
A letter is written by him.
৭৪. Being কখন হবে?
Continuous Passive-এ:
is/am/are + being + V3
Example:
The letter is being written.
Past:
The letter was being written.
৭৫. Perfect Passive
has/have/had + been + V3
Examples:
The work has been completed.
The work had been completed.
৭৬. Modal Passive
Modal + be + V3
The work must be done.
The rules should be followed.
The letter can be written.
৭৭. Reporting Verb Present হলে
সাধারণ সত্য হলে Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
The teacher says that the earth moves around the sun.
৭৮. Universal Truth
Universal truth হলে সাধারণত Present Indefinite হয়।
The sun rises in the east.
Water boils at 100°C.
The earth moves around the sun.
৭৯. Historical Present
গল্প বা ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা জীবন্তভাবে প্রকাশ করতে Present Tense ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
Napoleon invades Russia.
তবে সাধারণ পরীক্ষায় প্রশ্নের context দেখে উত্তর দিতে হবে।
৮০. একই Subject হলে while + V-ing
While walking along the road, I saw a snake.
এখানে walking-এর Subject = I.
৮১. Dangling Modifier থেকে সাবধান
❌ While walking along the road, a snake was seen.
এখানে মনে হচ্ছে snake হাঁটছিল!
সঠিক:
While walking along the road, I saw a snake.
৮২. Having + V3
একটি কাজ আগে শেষ করে অন্য কাজ করলে:
Having finished the work, he went home.
অর্থ:
কাজ শেষ করে সে বাড়ি গেল।
৮৩. Being + V3
Passive participial construction:
Being tired, he went to bed.
Being invited, he attended the party.
৮৪. Having been + V3
আগের Passive কাজ বোঝাতে:
Having been invited, he attended the party.
৮৫. Need
Main Verb হিসেবে
He needs money.
He does not need money.
Modal হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে
He need not go.
❌ He need not goes.
৮৬. Dare
Modal হিসেবে:
He dare not go there.
Main verb হিসেবে:
He does not dare to go there.
৮৭. Ought to + V1
You ought to respect your parents.
❌ ought to respected
৮৮. Be about to + V1
নিকট ভবিষ্যৎ:
The train is about to leave.
৮৯. Be going to + V1
He is going to buy a car.
They are going to visit Dhaka.
৯০. Have to / Has to / Had to + V1
I have to go.
He has to work.
They had to leave.
৯১. Used to + V1
অতীতের অভ্যাস:
He used to play football.
৯২. Would + V1
অতীতের পুনরাবৃত্ত অভ্যাস বোঝাতে:
When we were young, we would play together.
৯৩. Keep + V-ing
Keep trying.
Keep working hard.
৯৪. Go on + V-ing
একই কাজ চালিয়ে যাওয়া:
He went on talking.
৯৫. Go on + to + V1
এক কাজ শেষ করে অন্য কাজ শুরু করা:
He went on to explain the matter.
৯৬. Stop + V-ing
কাজটি বন্ধ করা:
He stopped smoking.
অর্থ: সে ধূমপান বন্ধ করেছে।
Stop + to + V1
অন্য কাজ করার জন্য থামা:
He stopped to smoke.
অর্থ: ধূমপান করার জন্য সে থামল।
৯৭. Remember + V-ing
অতীতে করা কাজ মনে থাকা:
I remember meeting him.
Remember + to + V1
কাজটি করতে মনে রাখা:
Remember to call me.
৯৮. Forget + V-ing
অতীতে করা কাজ ভুলে যাওয়া:
I will never forget meeting him.
Forget + to + V1
কাজ করতে ভুলে যাওয়া:
I forgot to call him.
৯৯. Regret + V-ing
অতীতের কাজের জন্য দুঃখ:
I regret telling him the truth.
Regret + to + V1
দুঃখের সঙ্গে কোনো খবর জানানো:
I regret to inform you that…
১০০. Try + V-ing
কোনো পদ্ধতি পরীক্ষা করে দেখা:
Try using this method.
Try + to + V1
কোনো কাজ করার চেষ্টা করা:
Try to solve the problem.
🔥 চাকরির পরীক্ষার জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Shortcut
নিচেরগুলো ভালোভাবে মুখস্থ করলে Right Form of Verb-এর বড় অংশ সহজ হয়ে যাবে:
| Pattern | Verb |
| do/does/did + | V1 |
| modal + | V1 |
| to + | V1 |
| preposition + | V-ing |
| by + | V-ing |
| without + | V-ing |
| look forward to + | V-ing |
| used to + | V1 |
| be used to + | V-ing |
| had better + | V1 |
| would rather + | V1 |
| let + object + | V1 |
| make + object + | V1 |
| be made + | to + V1 |
| enjoy + | V-ing |
| avoid + | V-ing |
| finish + | V-ing |
| mind + | V-ing |
| suggest + | V-ing |
| want + object + | to + V1 |
| allow + object + | to + V1 |
| prevent + object + from | V-ing |
| have + object + | V3 |
| get + object + | V3 |
| It is time + subject + | V2 |
| If + Present | will + V1 |
| If + Past | would + V1 |
| If + had + V3 | would have + V3 |
| No sooner + had | V3 |
| Hardly + had | V3 |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 |
| Present Perfect | have/has + V3 |
| Future Perfect | will have + V3 |
| Continuous | be + V-ing |
| Passive | be + V3 |
Right Form of Verbs —
Right Form of Verb বলতে বাক্যের Subject, Tense, Number, Voice, Modal, Conjunction, Preposition ইত্যাদি অনুযায়ী Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোকে বোঝায়।
চাকরির পরীক্ষা, BCS, ব্যাংক, NTRCA, প্রাথমিক শিক্ষক নিয়োগ ও HSC পরীক্ষায় এটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১. Subject অনুযায়ী Verb
Rule 1: Present Indefinite-এ Singular Subject হলে Verb-এ s/es হয়
He/She/It/একবচন Noun + V1+s/es
- He reads books.
- Rahim goes to school.
- The boy plays football.
কিন্তু—
I/We/You/They + V1
- They play football.
- We read books.
মনে রাখুন
Singular → V+s/es
Plural → V1
২. দুই বা ততোধিক Subject and দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে
সাধারণত Verb Plural হয়।
Rahim and Karim are friends.
Rina and Mina play together.
তবে ব্যতিক্রম
যদি দুটি Noun মিলে একটি ব্যক্তি/একটি ধারণা/একটি খাবার/একটি বিষয় বোঝায়, তাহলে Singular Verb হতে পারে।
Bread and butter is my breakfast.
৩. Each, Every–এর পরে Singular Verb
Each + singular noun + singular verb
Each boy has a book.
Every + singular noun + singular verb
Every student is present.
❌ Every students are present.
✅ Every student is present.
৪. Each of / Every one of
এর পরে noun plural হলেও Verb সাধারণত Singular হয়।
Each of the boys is present.
Every one of the students has a book.
৫. Either…or / Neither…nor
Verb সাধারণত নিকটবর্তী Subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Either…or
Either Rahim or his friends are coming.
এখানে নিকটবর্তী Subject = friends → plural → are
Either his friends or Rahim is coming.
নিকটবর্তী Subject = Rahim → singular → is
Neither…nor
Neither Rahim nor his friends are present.
Neither the students nor the teacher is ready.
Shortcut
Either/Neither + or/nor → কাছের Subject অনুযায়ী Verb
৬. As well as, Along with, Together with, With
এগুলো Subject-এর সংখ্যা পরিবর্তন করে না।
Rahim, as well as his friends, is present.
The teacher along with the students is going there.
মূল Subject:
Rahim → is
Teacher → is
৭. A number of এবং The number of
এটি পরীক্ষায় অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
A number of + plural noun → Plural Verb
A number of students are absent.
The number of + plural noun → Singular Verb
The number of students is increasing.
মনে রাখুন
A number of → are
The number of → is
৮. One of + plural noun
Verb হবে Singular।
One of my friends is a doctor.
❌ One of my friends are…
✅ One of my friends is…
৯. Many a
Many a + singular noun + singular verb
Many a man has tried.
Many a student has failed.
১০. More than one
More than one + singular noun + singular verb
More than one student has failed.
১১. Collective Noun
যেমন:
- team
- committee
- family
- class
- audience
- jury
- government
একটি Unit হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে Singular Verb হতে পারে।
The team is strong.
The committee has decided.
কিন্তু সদস্যদের আলাদাভাবে বোঝালে Plural Verb হতে পারে।
The committee are divided in their opinions.
১২. Uncountable Noun-এর পরে Singular Verb
যেমন:
- information
- advice
- furniture
- knowledge
- news
- luggage
- equipment
- scenery
The information is useful.
His advice was helpful.
The furniture is expensive.
বিশেষ
News → Singular
The news is true.
১৩. News, Politics, Mathematics, Physics
শব্দের শেষে s থাকলেও অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Singular হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Mathematics is difficult.
Physics is an interesting subject.
The news is true.
১৪. Scissors, Trousers, Spectacles, Shoes
এগুলো সাধারণত Plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
My trousers are new.
His spectacles are expensive.
কিন্তু—
A pair of trousers is new.
A pair of scissors is on the table.
Shortcut
A pair of + plural noun → Singular Verb
১৫. Modal Verb-এর পরে সবসময় V1
Modal:
- can
- could
- may
- might
- shall
- should
- will
- would
- must
- ought to
Structure
Modal + V1
Examples:
He can do it.
You should study.
He may come.
We must obey the rules.
❌ He can goes.
✅ He can go.
১৬. Do, Does, Did–এর পরে V1
Do/Does
Does he play football?
❌ Does he plays?
Did
Did you go there?
❌ Did you went there?
Negative
He did not come.
She does not like tea.
Golden Rule
Do/Does/Did + V1
১৭. To–এর পরে সাধারণত V1
I want to go.
He decided to study.
She came to see me.
We need to work.
কিন্তু to যদি Preposition হয়
তখন V-ing হবে।
I am accustomed to getting up early.
He is looking forward to meeting you.
I am used to working hard.
এটি পরীক্ষায় খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
১৮. Preposition-এর পরে V-ing
Preposition-এর পরে Verb বসলে সাধারণত V-ing হয়।
Preposition:
- in
- on
- at
- of
- for
- by
- without
- after
- before
- about
- from
- instead of
Examples:
He left without saying anything.
She is fond of reading.
By working hard, you can succeed.
After finishing the work, he went home.
১৯. By + V-ing
By working hard, you can succeed.
He earned money by working hard.
২০. Without + V-ing
He left without telling me.
She went away without saying goodbye.
২১. Before/After + V-ing
Before going to school, I had breakfast.
After finishing the work, he went home.
২২. Instead of + V-ing
Instead of playing, he studied.
He went there instead of staying at home.
২৩. Look forward to + V-ing
I look forward to meeting you.
❌ I look forward to meet you.
২৪. Be used to / Get used to + V-ing
I am used to getting up early.
He is used to working hard.
She got used to living alone.
২৫. Used to + V1
অতীতের অভ্যাস বোঝালে:
Subject + used to + V1
I used to play football.
He used to smoke.
পার্থক্য
used to + V1
I used to play.
be used to + V-ing
I am used to playing.
২৬. Had better + V1
You had better go now.
He had better study hard.
❌ had better to go
২৭. Would rather + V1
একই Subject হলে:
I would rather stay home.
He would rather die than beg.
Different Subject হলে
I would rather you went there.
২৮. Would rather…than
I would rather read than watch TV.
দুটি Verb-এর form সাধারণত একই ধরনের হবে।
২৯. Let + Object + V1
Let me go.
Let him play.
Let us help him.
❌ Let him to go.
৩০. Make + Object + V1
Active Voice:
The teacher made me write.
He made me do the work.
কিন্তু Passive Voice:
I was made to write.
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
Active → make + object + V1
Passive → be made + to + V1
৩১. Help + Object + V1 / to + V1
দুটিই হতে পারে।
He helped me do the work.
He helped me to do the work.
৩২. See/Watch/Hear/Feel + Object + V1/V-ing
সম্পূর্ণ কাজ দেখলে:
I saw him cross the road.
কাজ চলতে দেখলে:
I saw him crossing the road.
৩৩. Gerund-এর ব্যবহার
Verb যখন Noun-এর কাজ করে তখন V-ing হয়।
Swimming is good exercise.
Reading is a good habit.
Walking is good for health.
এখানে Swimming/Reading/Walking = Subject.
তাই Verb হিসেবে নয়, Gerund হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
৩৪. কিছু Verb-এর পরে Gerund
নিচের Verb-এর পরে সাধারণত V-ing:
- enjoy
- avoid
- admit
- deny
- finish
- mind
- practice
- suggest
- consider
- keep
- risk
- miss
- postpone
- quit
Examples:
I enjoy reading.
He avoided meeting me.
She finished writing.
He suggested going there.
Do you mind opening the door?
৩৫. Enjoy + V-ing
I enjoy reading books.
❌ I enjoy to read books.
৩৬. Avoid + V-ing
He avoided meeting me.
৩৭. Finish + V-ing
She finished writing the letter.
৩৮. Mind + V-ing
Would you mind opening the door?
৩৯. Practice + V-ing
He practices speaking English.
৪০. Suggest + V-ing
He suggested going there.
অথবা
He suggested that I should go there.
❌ He suggested me to go there.
৪১. Infinitive নেওয়া Verb
কিছু Verb-এর পরে to + V1 হয়।
যেমন:
- want
- wish
- hope
- decide
- plan
- agree
- refuse
- promise
- expect
- learn
- try
- manage
- fail
- afford
Examples:
I want to go.
He decided to study.
She promised to help me.
He refused to come.
৪২. Want + Object + to + V1
I want him to go.
She wants me to help her.
৪৩. Allow/Permit + Object + to + V1
They allowed me to go.
The teacher permitted him to leave.
৪৪. Prevent/Stop/Keep + Object + from + V-ing
The police prevented him from going.
He stopped me from entering the room.
She kept me from sleeping.
Formula
prevent/stop/keep + object + from + V-ing
৪৫. Have causative
Have + Object + V3
I had my car repaired.
অর্থ: আমি আমার গাড়ি মেরামত করিয়েছি।
৪৬. Get + Object + V3
I got my hair cut.
He got his car repaired.
৪৭. Causative Have + Person + V1
I had him do the work.
৪৮. Get + Person + to + V1
I got him to do the work.
৪৯. There + be
এখানে Verb পরবর্তী Subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
There is a book on the table.
There are many books on the table.
There was a man there.
There were many people there.
৫০. It is time
It is time + Subject + Past
It is time we went home.
It is high time you studied seriously.
এখানে অর্থ বর্তমান হলেও Verb সাধারণত Past form হয়।
৫১. It is time to + V1
It is time to go home.
কিন্তু—
It is time we went home.
৫২. As if / As though
বাস্তবতার বিপরীত কল্পনা বোঝালে Past form ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
He talks as if he knew everything.
He behaves as though he were a king.
বিশেষ
Formal English-এ unreal condition-এ:
as if he were
৫৩. Conditional Sentence
Type 0
সাধারণ সত্য:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If + Present → Present
Type 1
বাস্তব/সম্ভাব্য ভবিষ্যৎ:
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Formula:
If + Present, Subject + will + V1
❌ If you will work hard, you will succeed.
✅ If you work hard, you will succeed.
Type 2
কল্পিত/অসম্ভাব্য বর্তমান:
If I were rich, I would help the poor.
Formula:
If + Past, would + V1
Type 3
অতীতে ঘটেনি এমন কল্পনা:
If I had worked hard, I would have succeeded.
Formula:
If + had + V3 → would have + V3
৫৪. Unless
Unless = if…not
Unless you work hard, you will fail.
❌ Unless you do not work hard…
সাধারণত unless-এর সঙ্গে আলাদা not ব্যবহার করা হয় না।
৫৫. Lest
Lest-এর পরে সাধারণত:
should + V1
Example:
Work hard lest you should fail.
৫৬. No sooner…than
Structure:
No sooner + had + Subject + V3 + than + Past
Example:
No sooner had he arrived than it started raining.
৫৭. Hardly/Scarcely…when
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.
Scarcely had he arrived when it began to rain.
Formula
Hardly/Scarcely + had + S + V3 + when
৫৮. As soon as
দুটি অতীত কাজ হলে:
As soon as he arrived, we started.
আরও একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ pattern:
No sooner had he arrived than…
৫৯. Until/Till
Future meaning হলেও until/till-এর subordinate clause-এ সাধারণত Present form হয়।
I will wait until he comes.
❌ until he will come
৬০. When/While/Before/After–এর পরে Tense
Future অর্থ থাকলেও subordinate clause-এ অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Present হয়।
When he comes, I will go.
After he finishes the work, he will go.
৬১. Since-এর বিশেষ নিয়ম
একটি কাজ অতীতে শুরু হয়ে এখনও চলছে:
It is five years since I met him.
আরেকভাবে:
Five years have passed since I met him.
Present Perfect + since + Past Indefinite
I have lived here since I came here.
৬২. Since–এর আগে Past এবং পরে Past হলে
অতীতে একটি ঘটনা থেকে আরেকটি ঘটনা পর্যন্ত বোঝালে:
It was five years since he had left the village.
৬৩. Ago থাকলে Past Indefinite
He came here two days ago.
I met him five years ago.
৬৪. Yesterday/Last/ago → Past Indefinite
He went there yesterday.
They came last week.
She left two hours ago.
৬৫. Now/At present/At this moment → Present Continuous
He is reading now.
They are playing at present.
৬৬. Just/Already/Yet → Present Perfect
He has just come.
She has already finished the work.
Have you finished yet?
৬৭. For/Since + কাজ এখনও চলছে
সাধারণত:
Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous
I have lived here for ten years.
I have been living here for ten years.
৬৮. Past time-এর নির্দিষ্ট সময় থাকলে Present Perfect নয়
❌ I have seen him yesterday.
✅ I saw him yesterday.
কারণ yesterday সম্পূর্ণ অতীত সময়।
৬৯. By + Future Time → Future Perfect
I will have finished the work by tomorrow.
He will have reached Dhaka by 8 pm.
৭০. By the time
Future context:
By the time you arrive, I will have finished the work.
Past context:
By the time he arrived, I had finished the work.
৭১. While
একটি কাজ চলমান থাকলে:
While I was reading, he came.
দুটি কাজ একই সময় চললে:
While I was reading, he was watching TV.
৭২. When
একটি চলমান কাজের মধ্যে অন্য কাজ ঘটলে:
When I was sleeping, he came.
৭৩. Passive Voice-এ Verb
Passive-এর সাধারণ কাঠামো:
be + V3
Examples:
- is written
- was written
- has been written
- will be written
- is being written
- had been written
উদাহরণ
Active:
He writes a letter.
Passive:
A letter is written by him.
৭৪. Being কখন হবে?
Continuous Passive-এ:
is/am/are + being + V3
Example:
The letter is being written.
Past:
The letter was being written.
৭৫. Perfect Passive
has/have/had + been + V3
Examples:
The work has been completed.
The work had been completed.
৭৬. Modal Passive
Modal + be + V3
The work must be done.
The rules should be followed.
The letter can be written.
৭৭. Reporting Verb Present হলে
সাধারণ সত্য হলে Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
The teacher says that the earth moves around the sun.
৭৮. Universal Truth
Universal truth হলে সাধারণত Present Indefinite হয়।
The sun rises in the east.
Water boils at 100°C.
The earth moves around the sun.
৭৯. Historical Present
গল্প বা ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা জীবন্তভাবে প্রকাশ করতে Present Tense ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
Napoleon invades Russia.
তবে সাধারণ পরীক্ষায় প্রশ্নের context দেখে উত্তর দিতে হবে।
৮০. একই Subject হলে while + V-ing
While walking along the road, I saw a snake.
এখানে walking-এর Subject = I.
৮১. Dangling Modifier থেকে সাবধান
❌ While walking along the road, a snake was seen.
এখানে মনে হচ্ছে snake হাঁটছিল!
সঠিক:
While walking along the road, I saw a snake.
৮২. Having + V3
একটি কাজ আগে শেষ করে অন্য কাজ করলে:
Having finished the work, he went home.
অর্থ:
কাজ শেষ করে সে বাড়ি গেল।
৮৩. Being + V3
Passive participial construction:
Being tired, he went to bed.
Being invited, he attended the party.
৮৪. Having been + V3
আগের Passive কাজ বোঝাতে:
Having been invited, he attended the party.
৮৫. Need
Main Verb হিসেবে
He needs money.
He does not need money.
Modal হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে
He need not go.
❌ He need not goes.
৮৬. Dare
Modal হিসেবে:
He dare not go there.
Main verb হিসেবে:
He does not dare to go there.
৮৭. Ought to + V1
You ought to respect your parents.
❌ ought to respected
৮৮. Be about to + V1
নিকট ভবিষ্যৎ:
The train is about to leave.
৮৯. Be going to + V1
He is going to buy a car.
They are going to visit Dhaka.
৯০. Have to / Has to / Had to + V1
I have to go.
He has to work.
They had to leave.
৯১. Used to + V1
অতীতের অভ্যাস:
He used to play football.
৯২. Would + V1
অতীতের পুনরাবৃত্ত অভ্যাস বোঝাতে:
When we were young, we would play together.
৯৩. Keep + V-ing
Keep trying.
Keep working hard.
৯৪. Go on + V-ing
একই কাজ চালিয়ে যাওয়া:
He went on talking.
৯৫. Go on + to + V1
এক কাজ শেষ করে অন্য কাজ শুরু করা:
He went on to explain the matter.
৯৬. Stop + V-ing
কাজটি বন্ধ করা:
He stopped smoking.
অর্থ: সে ধূমপান বন্ধ করেছে।
Stop + to + V1
অন্য কাজ করার জন্য থামা:
He stopped to smoke.
অর্থ: ধূমপান করার জন্য সে থামল।
৯৭. Remember + V-ing
অতীতে করা কাজ মনে থাকা:
I remember meeting him.
Remember + to + V1
কাজটি করতে মনে রাখা:
Remember to call me.
৯৮. Forget + V-ing
অতীতে করা কাজ ভুলে যাওয়া:
I will never forget meeting him.
Forget + to + V1
কাজ করতে ভুলে যাওয়া:
I forgot to call him.
৯৯. Regret + V-ing
অতীতের কাজের জন্য দুঃখ:
I regret telling him the truth.
Regret + to + V1
দুঃখের সঙ্গে কোনো খবর জানানো:
I regret to inform you that…
১০০. Try + V-ing
কোনো পদ্ধতি পরীক্ষা করে দেখা:
Try using this method.
Try + to + V1
কোনো কাজ করার চেষ্টা করা:
Try to solve the problem.
🔥 চাকরির পরীক্ষার জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Shortcut
নিচেরগুলো ভালোভাবে মুখস্থ করলে Right Form of Verb-এর বড় অংশ সহজ হয়ে যাবে:
| Pattern | Verb |
| do/does/did + | V1 |
| modal + | V1 |
| to + | V1 |
| preposition + | V-ing |
| by + | V-ing |
| without + | V-ing |
| look forward to + | V-ing |
| used to + | V1 |
| be used to + | V-ing |
| had better + | V1 |
| would rather + | V1 |
| let + object + | V1 |
| make + object + | V1 |
| be made + | to + V1 |
| enjoy + | V-ing |
| avoid + | V-ing |
| finish + | V-ing |
| mind + | V-ing |
| suggest + | V-ing |
| want + object + | to + V1 |
| allow + object + | to + V1 |
| prevent + object + from | V-ing |
| have + object + | V3 |
| get + object + | V3 |
| It is time + subject + | V2 |
| If + Present | will + V1 |
| If + Past | would + V1 |
| If + had + V3 | would have + V3 |
| No sooner + had | V3 |
| Hardly + had | V3 |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 |
| Present Perfect | have/has + V3 |
| Future Perfect | will have + V3 |
| Continuous | be + V-ing |
| Passive | be + V3 |